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Web Analytics: Background

Page history last edited by editor 11 years, 4 months ago

 

  1. Foundational Knowledge
    1. Basics: What happens when you type google.com?
      1. Getting started with web-hosting
    2. Glossary
        1. IP Address
        2. DNS Server
        3. Virtual Private Servers (VPS)
        4. Platforms to transform data
        5. HTML format
        6. Libraries: Yahoo! UI Library (YUI)
        7. Forms - Basic YUI input codes
      1. PHP
        1. Apache

       

      Foundational Knowledge

       

      Basics: What happens when you type google.com?

       

       

      • Client: A user types www.google.com
      • It is read by DNS server and converted into a machine format
      • Your computer's address is tracked with your IP address to be able to return back information
      • The message then gets sent to internet routers
      • Finally, routers send the message to the designate server (in this case - of google) after reading the message:
      • Servers open the message and read (say http://www.google.com) and send information back. / usually implies a standard text file (html, css, php etc) such as home.html.
      • Servers then send back the information to the IP address that sent the message, also tagging it with its own IP address
      • Connection closes, icon stops spinning; HTML is static state l other languages continue to access the server (make subsequent calls - ex Facebook message window)
      • Website closes

       

      Getting started with web-hosting

      • Get domain Name
      • Choose web-hosting company; company gives you DNS server address
      • Tell registrar what your DNS servers are, go to the account page and type in your DNS server address
      • Implement the website

       

       

      Glossary

       

       

      IP Address

      It is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. Its role has been characterized as follows: "A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there

       

      DNS Server

      A record:                

      • domain name -- IP address A 2.3.4.5
      • authoritative (A)

      CName record:

      • map one domain name to another fully qualified domain name
      • - pros: avoids problems when the first domain name is changed 
      • - cons: latency time is longer       

       

      Virtual Private Servers (VPS)

      • creates virtual cores that can handle simultaneously multiple tasks
      • get a root and; might coexist with others in the same machine (allocated resources - bandwidth limitations)

       

      Platforms to transform data

      • SSH
      • SFTP
      • Fugu
      • Putty - free

       

      HTML format

      <html>

          <head>

               <title> hello, world </title>

          </head>

           <body>

                hello, world!!!!!

           </body>

      </html>

       

      CSS format

      <!DOCTYPE html

             PUBLIC "-//WRC//DTD XHTML 1.0 transitional/EN"

             "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitiona.dtd">

       

      <html xmlns= "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

       

           <head>

                <style type="text/css">

                   <!..

                        body {background: #fff;}

                     ..>

                </style>  

                   <title> hello, world </title>

            </head>       

             <body>

                     hello world

             </body>

      </html>

       

      Notes:

      Hashing

      • Can also hash - by specifying style file rather than including it in here.
      • Ex: <link href="/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
      • Pros: if you put it in sourcecode users have to go through it again and again when they open other pages within this website; if it is linked (hashed) then they don't have to read through it again, it is available
      • Cons: For first page, there is extra latency; also need to download index.html before it can download all the other files such as style

       

      Libraries: Yahoo! UI Library (YUI)

      - for Javascript and CSS

      - starting point

      - helps to have consistent aesthetics in different browsers

       

      Forms - Basic YUI input codes

      • Text Fields

      <input name="email" type="text" />

      • Password Fields

      <input name="password" type="password" />

      • Hidden Fields

      <input name="id" value="123" />

      • Checkboxes

      <input checked="checked" name="remember" type="checkbox" />

      • Radio Buttons

      <input name="gender" type="radio" value="F" />
      <input name="gender" type="radio" value="M" />

      • Drop-Down Menus

      <select name="state">

      <option value=""></option>

      <option value="MA"></option>

      <option value="NY"></option>

      </select>

       

      PHP

       

      Apache

      Apache has been the most popular HTTP server software. Apache supports a variety of features, many implemented as compiled modules which extend the core functionality. These can range from server-side programming language support to authentication schemes. Some common language interfaces support Perl, Python, Tcl, and PHP.

       

      # www.cs75.net

      <VirtualHost *:80>

      CustomLog logs/www.cs75.net-access_log common
      DocumentRoot /home/cscie75/srv/www/www.cs75.net/html
      ErrorLog logs/www.cs75.net-error_log
      ServerAdmin help@cs75.net
      ServerAlias cs75.net
      ServerName www.cs75.net

      </VirtualHost>
      <VirtualHost *:443>

      CustomLog logs/www.cs75.net-access_log common
      DocumentRoot /path/to/htdocs
      ErrorLog logs/www.cs75.net-error_log
      ServerAdmin dmalan@harvard.edu
      ServerAlias cs75.net
      ServerName www.cs75.net
      SSLCertificateChainFile /path/to/gd_bundle.crt
      SSLCertificateFile /path/to/cs75.crt
      SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/cs75.key
      SSLEngine on

      </VirtualHost>

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